ENGLISH CHAPTER NO 06 (AIR TRAVEL) CLASS 11 Sindh Board

                  CHAPTER # NO 06  

               (AIR TRAVEL)      

(ALL QUESTIONS / ANSWERS  SINDH BOARD) 

Q1: The Lesson Air Travel is all about what?                                                                  Ans: The air journey of author's father and the background history of the aircrafts.

Q2: When, Where and by whom the first aerial journey was made?
Ans: The first aerial journey was made over Paris y a French man, Pilatre de Rozier on the 15 October 1783. On this first flight, the balloon was tied up to the ground by a long rope.

Q3: What is the essential difference between the aircraft and the aeroplane?
Ans :The aeroplane is the heavier-than-air machine which must move rapidly. It must have an engine that is very powerful in proportion to its weight while an airship is a lighter-than-air machine.

Q4: Who invented the internal combustion engine? Why was this type of engine so important to the development of flight?
Ans:The internal combustion engine is a kind of engine that drives a car, was invented in 1876 by a German engineer named Otto. After the experiment with coal-gas as a fuel, it was found that internal combustion engines worked best on vaporized patrol. This powerful petrol engine transformed the world and made its mark on flights. It made it possible the development of motor car and the aeroplane.

Q5: Who was the first man to fly in an aeroplane? What was the date of his first flight and how long did it last?
Ans: The first man to fly in an airplane was an American Orville Wright. The flight was made on 17th December 1903, taking off into the wind of nearly 48 kilometers an hour, the aeroplane moved forward very slowly, after traveling fifteen yards into the air it stayed into the air, traveling very slowly against the strong wind only for twelve seconds.

Q6: What, in brief, are the respective functions
aeroplane and the fighter?
Ans: A reconnaissance plane is designed to find out, what is happening in the territory of the enemy, while a fighter is fitted with machine guns. The fighter is designed to shoot down the aircraft of the enemy.

Q7: How were the first bombing attacks on London made?
Ans: In the first two years of the First World War, bombing attacks on London were made by huge German airships, called Zeppelins. Zeppelins were capable of flying to bomb London. In these bombing attacks countless people had been killed and wounded.

Q8: How did civil aviation benefit from the rapid development of the bomber during the First World War?
Ans: German airships Zeppelins were easily capable of flying to bomb London and back. Huge bombing attacks turned the attention towards the development of the fighter aircrafts as the Zeppelins. The anti-craft guns had been prove ineffective due to the incapability of simple fighter aircrafts, efforts were made and performance was improve(d) During 1916, the research work was in progress and the British had been able to design high-speed fighters.

Q9: Why it was more difficult to fly from Europe to North America than from North America to Europe?
Ans: It was more difficult to fly from Europe to North America than from North America to Europe because on the west bound flight, the aeroplanes had to make much struggle against the fast wind and they had to be dangerously overloaded with fuel.

Q10: Why was the use of airships for passengers transport abandoned?
Ans: The use of airships was abandoned after a series of disasters; three United States airships were wrecked with great loss of life. Like United States the Germany too suffered from the same disaster that's why they too abandoned the use of airships because these were proved to be unreliable mean of transport. They started to use the aeroplanes which had been improving in its efficiency and performance. The use of light metal in their construction provided greater strength for less weight and enabled more fuel and greater load to be carried.

Q11: What new mean of propulsion had greatly increased the speed of airlines in recent years? (OR)
What kind of radio device contributes to their safety?
Ans: During the six years of the Second World War, Jet engines increased the speed of airliners. After the prevalence of peace in the year 1945, Piston-enginedaeroplanes had achieved a very high efficiency. Radar is the radio device which contributes to the safety of air travel by making it possible to avoid collision.

Q12: What was the purpose of journey to Pakistan made by the father of the writer of the lesson Air Travel?
Ans: The purpose of the journey made by the father of the author was to spend a winter in the pleasanter climate of Pakistan.

Q13: When did the de Rozier dare to make a free flight with the help of which companion?
Ans: On 21 November the de Rozier made a free flight with the help of his companion Marquis d' Arlandes whose work was to keep on lighting fire which produced the hot-air to fill the balloon with. They stayed in the air for twenty-five minutes they went on moving over the Paris by the blowing wind and landed nine kilometers from the point of this was the first aerial journey in the history. ascent,

Q14: Who used the hydrogen gas first time in the history of aerial journeys?
Ans: The hydrogen gas was used in the balloon first time by two Frenchman on 1 December 1783. The traveled 43 kilometers from the point of ascent, the hydrogen was far lighter and safer mean of lift than hot-air.

Q15: Why the balloons had not been used as a mean of transport?
Ans: It had not been used as a mean of transport because it simply drifts where the wind chooses it to take.

Q16: Who designed the first model aeroplane powered by the steam engine?
Ans: In 1848, an Englishman String fellow made an aeroplane powered by a small steam engine.

Q17: Who made the airship that was powered by electric motor?
Ans: In 1884, the French engineers Reynard and Krebs, The name of their ship was La France was the first aerial vehicle to be truly navigable, it was the first which could make a flight and return to its starting.

Q18: The first man carrying airship was equipped with which steam engine and who designed it, when he flew in it?

  Ans: A three-horsepower steam engine, it was designed by the Frenchman Gifford and he flew  in 1852 but it was as helpless as a balloon if breezes was blowing.

Q19: Who designed the first airship having petrol engine and when he made his first flight?
Ans: It was first designed by a German Wilbert; He made his first flight in 1896.

Q20: Who designed the airship having two petrol engines and when it flew?
Ans: It was designed by the Count von Zeppelin and it flew in 1900.

Q21: When and which was the scientist who made an aeroplane that crashed twice in the course of its trial?

Ans: In 1903 Langley an American made two attempts of flying an aeroplane but it crashed on take-off. Both times and the experiment was abandoned, in 1914 the machine was repaired and made a very short flight.

Q22: How Wright Brothers made successful airplane?
Ans: Wright brothers studied carefully the work of notable pioneer of gliding I-e Lilienthal, Pilcher and Chanute, the two of whom Lilienthal and Pilcher were killed in gliding incidents.

Q23: What is a glider?
Ans: A flying machine that has long fixed wings but no machine.

Q24: What are names of Wright Brothers and why there are famous in the history of aeroplanes?
Ans: They were two brothers Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, they collectively worked in making and improving the aeroplanes, so they are the successful makers, thus they are regarded as the makers of modern aeroplanes.

Q25: How many attempts the Wright brothers made in succeeding to fly an aeroplane?
Ans: Thirteen times they attempted but the aeroplane could not manage to leave the ground the fourteenth attempt was made on 17th December 1903, when it was the turn of Orville Wright who preserved his name in the history of a first successful flight The airplane was flying very slowly so that the Wilber was able to run alongside the aeroplane and after traveling to the distance of fifteen yards it life into the air and remained in air for twelve seconds.

Q26: Name the greatest French designer of the aeroplanes when and where he flew?
Ans: Bleriot is considered to be the greatest French designer of the aeroplanes who flew on his own aeroplane across the English Channel in 1909, it was unreliable for passengers and good because it could not fly in bad weather, its range was small and it was not faster than train.

Q27: What is the fighter aircraft, why it was made?
Ans: The fighter is an aircraft that has fitted machine guns it was made because the people realized that the anti-aircraft guns were not effective in its work, It was designed specially to shoot down the aircraft of the enemy.

Q28: When the air services began between London and Paris?
Ans: After few months the First World War ended the air services begun between London and Paris.

Q29: The airship R34 belonged to which country and who was its pilot, where it flew?
Ans: The R34 was a British airship its pilot was Captain Read, it flew to America through Atlantic Ocean and returned England.

Q30: Which was the first direct flight from the America to Europe, who flown it? World War ended?
Ans: The first direct aeroplane flight from America to Europe was made by a British bomber; it was flown by Alcock and Brown from Newfoundland to Ireland.

Q31: Which improvement the jet engine brought in the aircrafts after the Second
Ans: It increased the speed of military aircrafts.

Q32: What is the speed of the modern fighter aircraft?
Ans: It has a top speed of over 2400 kilometers an hour.

Q33: What is the speed of a modern aircraft on the experimental basis and what is the expected speed of the modern fighter aircraft?
Ans: The experimental speed of the fighter aircraft is over 4800 kilometers an hour while the expected speed of the fighter air craft is over 3200 kilometers an hour.

ENGLISH CHAPTER NO 05 (THE MIRACLE OF RADIO) CLASS 11 Sindh Board

                                              CHAPTER # NO 05 

(THE MIIRACLE OF RADIO)      

 (ALL QUESTIONS / ANSWERS  SINDH BOARD) 

 Q1: At what speed to wireless waves move, which other waves move at the speed at this speed                                                                                                            Ans: The wireless waves move at the same speed as that of light waves, the speed of the wireless waves as about 1, 86,000 miles/sec.

Q2: Why were wireless waves once called Hertzian waves?                                                                      

 Ans: The wireless waves were called Hertzian waves in the honour of a German scientist Heinrich Hertz who discovered and demonstrated the secrets of the wireless waves and these waves made possibility of the wireless communication.

Q3: In what years, were the wireless signals first transmitted over the English Channel and the Atlantic Ocean, who was responsible for these successful experiments?                                                                                                        Ans: Wireless signals were first transmitted over the English Channel in 1899 it was used by British Naval Maneuver. Wireless signals crossed the Atlantic Ocean in 1901. It was an excellent triumph of Guglielmo Marconi, a brilliant Italian Scientist. He had done both these experiments successfully.

Q4: What facts are given in the text about the first use of wireless to bring help to a ship in distress?
Ans: In 1903, a ship used the wireless for the first time to send signals when the liner Republic collided with another ship in the Atlantic Ocean. It was a fine record of life saving at the sea by sending message through wireless signals.

Q5: Could speech be transmitted in the early days of wireless signaling? If not, how were messages transmitted?
Ans: Speeches could not be transmitted in the early days of the wireless signaling. Messages were sent through the slower and most awkward method of Morse code of dots and dashes.

Q6: During which period did the sound broadcasting become generally established?
Ans: In 1924, Marconi carried out his invention one step forward. He arranged the method of directing the wireless waves in a straight line, it advanced towards the transmission and reception of the wireless waves carrying sound waves. Sound broadcasting was

Q7: In what way television is an advance upon sound broadcasting?
Ans: The television is advance upon sound broadcasting because it carries the sound and the picture; in nineteen thirties a brilliant scientist Baired devised a method of sending pictures by the radio.

Q8: Is television in colour possible? If So, why is it not in General use ?
Ans: In early days the regular service transmitted pictures in black and white. Television in colour has been made possible since long only the huge expenses of colour television have prevented its general use. It is more expensive then the ordinary radio transmission of the black and white pictures.

Q9: What is the fun the function of the radar?
Ans: The radar is the device that can locate the position of ship or an aeroplane to within a particular distance, it works on the principal that high frequency waves of the flying aeroplanes can be detected The ship equipped with the radar can avoid the collision in fog and darkness, position and movement of the other ships can be observed through the radars, the aircraft is directed through the radar with the help of radar an aircraft can land safely in the darkness and bad weather without the risk of collision.

Q10: What use car What use can the astronomer now make of radio?

Ans: It has been discovered that stars emit radio waves. Now it is possible to catch these waves by the use of radio telescope. Radio telescope with the huge aerials and sensitive receivers catch radio waves from stars and galaxy. It has assisted the astronomers to explore the mystery of this universe.     

ENGLISH CHAPTER NO 04 (MY BANK ACCOUNT) CLASS 11 Sindh Board

                                       CHAPTER # NO 04    

       (MY BANK ACCOUNT)      

 (ALL QUESTIONS / ANSWERS  SINDH BOARD)

 Q1: According to the author, what was the effect of a Bank upon him whenever he entered to do a business there?

Ans: Stephen Leacock, the author of the text "My Bank Account" has ironically portrayed himself as a person suffering from bank phobia. He is that much frightened of the bank, that everything related to it frightens him: even a look of the staff, furniture, and money in the bank, almost everything frightened him. On entering the bank he behaved as an irresponsible fool, and behaved in a mysterious way, making a laughing stock of himself.

Q2: Why did the author decide to open an account?

Ans: Stephen Leacock, the author of the text, "My Bank Account", portrays himself as a person suffering from bank phobia. He knew that he was afraid of entering into a bank to do business there. He behaved mysteriously like an irresponsible fool, making almost a laughing stock of himself. Yet, he decided to open an account because his salary was increased to fifty dollars a month. He thinks bank an ideal place to secure his hard earned amount. Hence he dares to enter the bank.

Q3: What was the reaction of the manager when the author told him that he wanted to see him alone?

Ans:When the author told the manager that he wanted to see him alone, it made him surprised. He takes the wrier to a private room and locks the door ensure privacy. At first he thought that the person had perhaps terrible but important news to break. Moreover, the highly mysterious behaviour of the visitor compelled the manager to enquire, either he was from the Pinkerton's detective. But the writer denied by implying that he was a detective albeit from some rival agency.

Q4: Why did the manager look relieved when he knew the purpose of the author's visit?
Ans: The surprised manager took the author to a private room, where he expected terrible and important information to obtain from the writer. The pale face and mysterious behaviour of the writer even made the manager think of the writer to belong to some detective agency. However, when the manger of the bank came to know that it was just a storm in the cup of tea- the author had come to the bank just to open an account of fifty-six dollars. The manager took a sigh of relief. The only purpose of the writer was to open a bank account, simply.

Q5 :What is equivalent of fifty American dollars in Pakistani currency?
Ans : Fifty American dollars are equivalent to 6500 Pakistani rupees. The equivalence keeps changing due to global fluctuation and monetary trends.

Q6: What was the mistake made by the author when he wrote the cheque?
Ans: The author depicted as a person suffering from bank phobia, behaving hysterically almost loses self control, while dealing with the staff of the bank. He is highly confused and is stressed to feel the bank swim before his eyes. He feels that every person of the staff had stopped writing and were looking at him. He was alone in his misery. In a fit of mischief, to his even worse luck, he mistakenly wrote fifty-six dollars instead of six dollars, while writing the cheque.

Q7: Explain the question of the clerk in the story my bank account as "How will you have it"?
Ans: Terrified and confused as he was, the writer tries his level best to quit the bank at his earliest. He did not like to make himself more of a laughing stock. He wanted just to take the amount and get going. But the staff cause hindrances in the passage to exit. While handing over him his drawn amount the clerk asks him that in what currency notes he wanted to take money. Confused as he is he doesn't understand what does the clerk mean, but later it makes sense to him.

Q8: Why was there a "roar of laughter" when the author left the bank?
Ans: The surprised and entertained staff has stopped writing and observes the mysterious, hysterical and stupid behaviour of the writer. Despite abortive attempts of the author to nullify the misconceived impression of the author, the writer makes laughing stock of himself in front of the bank staff. Stupefied as he is he leaves the bank in rush and a roar of laughter behind himself.

Q9: As the author, Stephen Leacock was a respected university teacher and a successful writer. Do you think this is a true story?
Ans: Stephen Leacock a university teacher and a prominent humour writer, cannot be expected to behave that much stupidly at a place very often visited by the public. Contrarily, he very effectively does depict the character of a person who is afraid of doing business in the bank. Though the story is fiction, yet it is very close to fact. He has tried to generate fascination describing in the manner as if it happened to him, it is a fictitious story.

Q10: Why is it wiser to keep one's money in a bank then to hoard it in one's home?
Ans: It is wiser to keep money in a bank rather than to hoard it in one's home because it is quite unsafe at home and sometimes spent unwisely. The banks manage and afford risk free security system, not possible for the individuals to maintain and afford at home. Apart from security the banks offer profits on the money deposited in the banks. It is therefore wiser to keep one's money in the bank than risking at home.
Q11: What is the moral of the story "My Bank Account"?
Ans: One feels hysteric when visiting any of the places for the first time. "My Bank Account" is a humorous description of the story of a business dealing, which the person does not know about. This person does not know that it is not mandatory to see the manager in person, privately, to open a bank account. Therefore of instead of avoiding going to such places one should go frequently to overcome the hesitation and know the process of doing business.

Q12: What kind of criticism is the story "My B Bank Account"?

Ans: "My bank Account" is the criticism of a futile ego and stupid obstinacy. There is no harm in seeking help if one does not know about a business one is doing for the first time. It is advisable behave humbly instead of rudely in situations where one does not feel comfortable. On the other hand, the simple folk should not be made fun of, instead, they should be encouraged and cooperated in hostile situations. The writer criticizes the attitude of the modern society where they laugh at the simple folks and their simplicity.